Enhancing scientific and technological research

Scientific experimentation and technological applications for more effective means of creating material progress.

Founded in 1974, the European Science Foundation (ESF) is a non-governmental international association of major funding organizations concerned with the promotion of fundamental research, fundamental sciences in all fields, and the focusing on strategic scientific issues. Currently, the ESF is composed of 54 member organizations from 20 European countries.

1. Governments at the appropriate level, with the support of the relevant international and regional organizations, should strengthen scientific research and technological development programmes, including diffusion through national and regional institutions, particularly in meteorology, hydrology, forestry, soil sciences and plant sciences.

1. Development depends on many factors beyond science and technology, and it is in the more difficult cultural and political arenas that development efforts are stymied.

1. Strengthening scientific and technological capacity
2. Coordinating research planning
3. Strengthening research

1. Supporting research and development of environmentally sound technology
2. Supporting independent initiatives in science and technology
3. Supporting coordinated UN scientific research on the global environment
4. Strengthening role of geosciences in development
5. Strengthening research skills in applied sciences
6. Strengthening capacity to conduct and apply scientific research to the environment
7. Reviewing advances in medical technology
8. Reducing health risks from environmental pollution
9. Recruiting women for environmental research
10. Promoting basic scientific research
11. Linking established science with indigenous knowledge
12. Formulating policy on sciences
13. Facilitating development of new technologies
14. Establishing technological research mechanisms
15. Ensuring participation of developing countries in international research
16. Employing appropriate technology
17. Developing beer technology
18. Coordinating interchange of nuclear expertise
19. Coordinating environmental research
20. Conducting agricultural research
21. Advancing contraceptive technology

1. Researching economic development
2. Managing technological change
3. Expanding approaches to scientific study
4. Establishing clearing houses for environmentally sound technology
5. Conducting technology assessments
6. Applying science sustainably
7. Applying science

1. Strengthening science and technology information capacity
2. Strengthening cooperation in the social sciences
3. Enhancing science and technology training
4. Developing monitoring and evaluation techniques
5. Determining applicable technology

1. Vulnerability of high technology systems
2. Underdeveloped technological skill
3. Unbalanced application of communications technology
4. Technology gap between countries
5. Technological monoculture
6. Restrictive business practices in technology transactions
7. Restrictions on technology research and development
8. Restrictions on technology adaptations
9. Resistance to technology education
10. Public non-accountability of organizations developing technology
11. Protectionism in the high-technology industries
12. Proliferation of unprocessed scientific data
13. Proliferation of technology
14. Profit-motivated utilization of construction technology
15. Over-specialization in technology
16. Monopolization of technology by transnational corporations
17. Maldistribution of science and technology
18. Limited social context in developing technology
19. Lack of specialized technology
20. Irresponsible scientific and technological activity
21. Irrelevance of science and technology
22. Insufficient access to technology for agricultural upgrading
23. Instability in high-technology manufacturing industries
24. Information technology arms race
25. Inflexible technology
26. Inappropriate emphasis on prestige technology
27. Inadequate use of information technology
28. Inadequate research and development capacity
29. Inadaptation of technology to man
30. Fragmentation of technological development
31. Forged scientific data
32. Fear of new technology
33. Excessive dependence of local communities on outside services
34. Environmental hazards constraining scientific research
35. Elitist control of information technology
36. Elitist control of construction technology
37. Elimination of traditional skills
38. Dependence on sophisticated technology for development
39. Dependence on information technology
40. Dependence on imported technology
41. Blind faith in technology
42. Abuse of science and technology in capitalism

1. Work
2. Unscientific
3. Overwork
4. Competition [D]

1. AAAS Research Competitiveness Program