Undervaluation of nature in planning and decision making

Although there is growing awareness of the many benefits of wild species, ecosystems and protected areas, concrete information about their full economic value is scarce. The economic tools for the accounting of natural values are poorly developed. The practice of ignoring, discounting and undervaluing natural resources persists in governmental planning and decision making.

1. Unethical practices in natural resource management
2. Undervaluation of natural capital
3. Shallow environmental ethics
4. Neglect of environmental consequences of government policies
5. Disregard for intrinsic value of nature

1. Undervaluation of forests
2. Lack of integrated management of biodiversity

1. Planetary cancer
2. Natural environment degradation
3. Misuse of tropical rain forests for agricultural development
4. Irresponsible delimitation of policy responsibilities
5. Inadequate integrated freshwater management
6. Disparity between share prices and underlying asset values
7. Destruction of wilderness
8. Desertification
9. Degradation of flora and fauna habitats
10. Criminal offences against the environment

1. Undervaluation of systematic biology
2. Modernism
3. Lack of incentive to care for community property
4. Imperfect synthesis of concepts of sustainable development
5. Human exceptionalism
6. Human domination of nature
7. Failure to take account of externalities of systems
8. Defective development planning
9. Commercialization of nature

1. Nationalistically determined development of natural resources
2. Difficult distribution decisions

1. Valuing nature in planning and decision making
2. Undervaluing nature in planning and decision making
3. Capturing environmental value

1. Undervaluation
2. Overvaluation
3. Indecision
4. Devaluation