Exclusion of dissenters from decision making processes

Unwilling to assume responsibility for current problems in the society, the established powers transfer blame to other persons and groups. Individuals and groups who raise questions about the establishment's understanding of society are suppressed, excluded from exerting any influence, or are co-opted. So the established powers understanding of the rights and obligations of citizenship, of effective participation in decisions, and of accountability of the political processes to the public nearly always dominate.

1. Fragmented decision-making
2. Exclusion of opposing views

1. Scapegoats
2. Official evasion of complaints
3. Frustration of the role of opposition
4. Elimination of opposition groups or individuals

1. Simplistic family decision-making structures

1. Difficult distribution decisions

1. Using social exclusion
2. Suppressing discussion of basis of organization procedures

1. Suppression
2. Organization
3. Indecision
4. Exclusion