Insufficient retirement funds

Many countries have pension schemes that are sophisticated pyramids, dependent on future contributions to sustain present payouts. As the population ages and birth rates fall, the proportion of those drawing on pension funds increases as those contributing falls.

1. It is not the fear of growing old that causes mid-age crisis. It is the fear of growing old and having no money.

2. Switching funded schemes for pensions requires difficult choices as those caught up in the transition are likely to end up paying twice.

1. Social insecurity
2. Inadequate income in old age
3. Crisis in long-term pension funds

1. Retirement as a threat to psychological well-being
2. Fear of personal insecurity
3. Fear of growing old
4. Compulsory retirement

1. Underemployment
2. Insurance industry collapse
3. Economic inflation
4. Decline in employer-provided pensions
5. Ageing of world population

1. Caring for the aged

1. Security
2. Loss
3. Lack
4. Insufficiency
5. Insecurity
6. Age