Countries like the UK face economic crises partly due to low manufacturing investment, bad industrial relations and lack of coherent government intervention. But an important reason is the most uncomfortable one: the mass of the workforce is not clever enough. It is not clever enough because it has not been properly trained or educated. Less sophisticated machinery must then be used than that available to foreign competitors. Production has to be stopped awaiting intervention of external specialists to deal with minor problems. New production processes require longer for workers to understand them. In these circumstances the quality of goods tends to be inferior to those of foreign competitors.