Decadence


  • Degeneracy
  • Dependence on decadence
  • Decadent people

Description

The word decadence refers to a late 19th century movement emphasizing the need for sensationalism, egocentricity; bizarre, artificial, perverse, and exotic sensations and experiences. By extension, it may refer to a decline in art, literature, science, technology, and work ethics, or (very loosely) to self-indulgent behavior. Usage of the term sometimes implies moral censure, or an acceptance of the idea, met with throughout the world since ancient times, that such declines are objectively observable and that they inevitably precede the destruction of the society in question; for this reason, modern historians use it with caution. The word originated in Medieval Latin (dēcadentia), appeared in 16th-century French, and entered English soon afterwards. It bore the neutral meaning of decay, decrease, or decline until the late 19th century, when the influence of new theories of social degeneration contributed to its modern meaning. The idea that a society or institution is declining is called declinism. This is the predisposition, caused by cognitive biases such as rosy retrospection, to view the past more favourably and future more negatively. Declinism has been described as "a trick of the mind" and as "an emotional strategy, something comforting to snuggle up to when the present day seems intolerably bleak." Other factors contributing to declinism include the reminiscence bump as well as both the positivity effect and negativity bias. In literature, the Decadent movement began in France's fin de siècle intermingling with Symbolism and the Aesthetic movement while spreading throughout Europe and The United States. The Decadent title was originally used as a criticism but it was soon triumphantly adopted by some of the writers themselves. The Decadents praised artifice over nature and sophistication over simplicity, defying contemporary discourses of decline by embracing subjects and styles that their critics considered morbid and over-refined. Some of these writers were influenced by the tradition of the Gothic novel and by the poetry and fiction of Edgar Allan Poe.
Source: Wikipedia

Background

Decadence is said to have been a cause of the fall of the Roman Empire. Decadence in the sense of aestheticism, homosexuality, alcoholism and drug taking was noted in western Europe at the end of the 19th century. In the first half of the 20th century, Nazism decreed the degeneracy of Cubism, Fauvism, Dada, Surrealism and other styles, also Jazz, Serial 12 tone music, and Bauhaus design.

Incidence

Modern decadence has been attributed particularly to industrialized capitalist countries; but it also occurs in the sense of juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual license and bureaucratic and party functionary indulgences in eastern European countries and the USSR.

Counter claim

  1. Decadence and degeneracy are polemical terms used to denigrate changes and experimentation in behaviour and creative expression. No proof that a society can decay or a race degenerate has ever been offered, and the so-called decline and fall of the Roman Empire is considered by many scholars as merely a semantic invention.

Broader


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