Integrating environmental considerations into lending

The World Bank's Operational Directive on Environmental Assessment was approved in 1989, and expanded in 1991. It is the principal mechanism for taking account of the environmental effects of the Bank's project lending. All prospective Bank projects are screened for potential environmental effects and classified into categories. For instance, category A groups projects with potentially serious environmental damage and require complete Environmental assessments (EAs). Several A category projects have been modified as a result, including re-routing a channel to avoid disruptions to a lagoon, for the Lower Guayas flood control project in Ecuador.

1. Restructuring foreign aid
2. Promoting environmentally sound economic growth
3. Improving money lending policy
4. Greening development aid

1. Using debt-for-nature swaps

1. Restoring environmental damage
2. Reconciling environmental concerns and development needs
3. Investing in environmental conservation
4. Examining effects of international debt on environment

1. Protesting environmentally unsound policies of development banks
2. Protesting environmentally harmful development
3. Networking the environment and development arena
4. Integrating sustainable development goals into development aid strategies
5. Developing national strategies for sustainability
6. Advocating sustainable development

1. Unexplored women's skills
2. Inappropriate loans
3. Failure of development programmes