Creating comprehensive drainage scheme

The poor performance of surface and subsurface drainage systems is often caused by the mediocre technical quality of drainage networks, improper drainage design and, sometimes, insuffieint involvement of farmers. During and after the installation of such systems, problems can occur owing to the lack of materials, machinery breakdowns and lack of trained staff.

1. Increasing integrated management of water resources
2. Improving
3. Draining land
4. Creating new systems

1. Using scavenger wells for removing saline drainage water
2. Rechannelling standing water
3. Installing subsurface drains
4. Implementing urban storm-water run-off and drainage programmes
5. Expanding artificial drainage for irrigated agriculture
6. Ensuring drainage ditch maintenance
7. Developing drainage for irrigated lands in arid and semi-arid regions
8. Constructing storm drains
9. Constructing drainage sumps

1. Rehabilitating land degraded by water-logging
2. Reducing methane emissions from wetlands
3. Reclaiming land
4. Harvesting water
5. Empoldering coastal lowlands

1. Delegating community responsibility for water
2. Advancing plumbing
3. Ensuring drainage ditch maintenance

1. Waterlogged soils
2. Inadequate land drainage
3. Environmental hazards of empolderment of wetlands
4. Effluent runoff from agricultural land use

1. Nonlocal
2. Land
3. Integration