Restrictive building codes in urban areas

Building codes tend to become so restrictive that they discourage owners and tenants from adapting structures to make them more habitable. In developing countries, and especially in shanty towns, the majority of building codes and standards are ignored because following them would produce buildings too expensive for most people.

1. Paralyzing complexity of urban structures
2. Over-regulation
3. Inadequacy of international standards
4. Demoralizing constraints on housing rehabilitation
5. Complex government regulations

1. Uninvestigated housing alternatives
2. Underprovision of basic urban services
3. Substandard housing and accommodation
4. Restrictive land ordinances
5. Insensitive urban renewal
6. Depressing effect of poor housing construction
7. Counterfeit machine parts

1. Urban fires
2. Low-quality construction work
3. Individualistic construction methods
4. Inadequate building standards

1. Developing housing policy
2. Developing building codes
3. Developing brown field sites

1. Restriction
2. Overcomplex
3. Nonrestrictive
4. Complexity