Intellectual methods excluding popular participation in technological development

In order for technological developments to be responsive to the needs of local people methods must be developed which enable the conceptual capacity of the grassroots to be used in this innovative process. The grassroots are excluded from the processes of needs analysis, from the intellectual framework in which the technology is being developed and from participating in creating strategies for distribution. They are left with the choice to consume or to not consume.

1. Non-inclusive management decisions
2. Limited social context in developing technology

1. Ineffective techniques for achieving consensus
2. Failure to identify beneficiaries of programme initiatives

1. Violation of human rights by technological development
2. Lack of grassroots involvement in economic planning
3. Dehumanization of man in the technological process
4. Cultural repression
5. Centralized decisions on local technological innovation

1. Inadequate environmental impact assessment

1. Fostering popular participation in development