Inadequate implementation of plans and programmes against problems

The execution and management of plans, as distinct from plan formulation, make the severest demands on scarce managerial resources, particularly in the developing countries. The wide discrepancy between objectives and achievements at the end of the plan period (the distinction is limited to the industrial programmes) has been due largely to failures in sectoral coordination, effective direction of the plan and adequate supply of trained personnel. In some instances, planned targets may have over-estimated existing capacities, but, allowing for this factor, the skill in assembling resources and ensuring that the execution of the various components of a plan are correctly phased has a great deal to do with the final result.

1. The greater the cost of putting a plan in operation, the less chance there is of abandoning the plan.

2. The higher the level of prestige accorded the people behind the plan, the less chance there is of abandoning it.

1. Inadequate application of available knowledge to solve problems
2. Inaction on problems
3. Inaccessible administrative agencies
4. Failure of development programmes

1. Unimplemented decisions
2. Inappropriate management of development projects
3. Inadequate environmental impact assessment

1. Failure of remedial action plans
2. Disparity between vision and actuality

1. Short perseverance span
2. Policy vacuum
3. Over-programming
4. Lack of international policy on specific issues
5. Ineffective scheduling ability
6. Indecisive community programmes
7. Inappropriate policies
8. Inadequate training in decision-making
9. Inadequate power of intergovernmental organizations
10. Inadequate coordination of action against problems
11. Disharmonies of Gall Bladder Qi in the body
12. Dependence on arbitration
13. Contractual constraints on reporting systemic problems
14. Consensus trap
15. Conflicting international priorities

1. Problem-solving
2. Increasing effectiveness of implementation methods of decision-making
3. Improving project programmes
4. Improving programmes
5. Improving implementation of programmes against problems
6. Implementing policy directives
7. Evaluating programmes

1. Failure
2. Inadequacy
3. Uncertainty
4. Problem
5. Ineffectiveness