The inadequacy of male birth control methods results partly from the fact that it is women rather than men who have to cope with the natural consequences of no birth control, and partly because the question of loss of libido as a result of contraceptive techniques is given much more weight in the case of the male than in the case of the female. Inadequate female methods of birth control are much more easily tolerated by current social attitudes. Research into adequate male contraception is therefore minimal and, as a consequence, family planning techniques and education are aimed mainly at women and male participation is insufficient. In communities where male domination in the family is absolute, the chances of full success of family planning programmes are therefore considerably diminished.