Fear blocking participation

Despite regenerated enthusiasm by citizens to establish control over disruptive social behaviour, life in many inner cities still instils fear in its residents, although actual crime figures may have been reduced over the years. Fear and isolation may drive individuals, families and old people to transform their homes into barred fortresses, with locks, chains, alarms and guard dogs, facing the world through peepholes.

1. Reluctance to join in community action
2. Psychological stress of urban environment
3. Neighbourhood control by criminals
4. Fear

1. Inhibited self-promotion
2. Fear of humiliation by co-workers

1. Weak organization of community action
2. Deliberate ignorance

1. Unproven new methods
2. Inhibiting participatory methods
3. Forced participation in social processes
4. Fear of the city
5. Fear of retaliation by authorities
6. Breakdown in community security systems

1. Anticipation of criticism

1. Treating fear of participation
2. Motivating community involvement

1. Underparticipation
2. Participation
3. Nonparticipatory
4. Involvement
5. Inhibition
6. Fear
7. Community
8. Anticommunity