In 1992, the US electricity generating company, New England Power (NEP) began a reduced-impact logging (RIL) project with the specific objective of reducing the amount of carbon emitted via the extensively used conventional logging techniques. This creative harvesting approach involves a reduction of collateral emissions from logging through operations, such as pre-felling tree marking and mapping, climber cutting and directional felling, as well as appropriate design and use of roads, skid trails and log landing sites. RIL also includes post-harvesting site operations, such as closure of logging roads, cross drains, and rehabilitation of landing sites.