Reporting social injustices in mass media, in such a way as to mobilize public action and/or government reform.
Muck-raking is usually associated with the reform-minded journalism in the USA from 1890-1910. Its roots came from Progressivism, a movement in response to the social problems resulting from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the 19th century. These problems included the spread of slums and poverty; the exploitation of labour; the breakdown of democratic governments by political machines; and a rapid movement toward financial and industrial concentration. Other forms of exposing journalism emerged in countries where political policies permitted it and in radio and television media as well.
Muckraking arouses the general public to social, political and economic problems that are new or unknown.
Due to vested interests, large government or economic institutions would not change without the force of public opinion.
Muck-raking illustrates the ability of the press to misuse its power and sensationalize, exaggerate or even fabricate events in order to increase circulation.