Physical methods of killing animals are quick and humane if carried out competently in the context of routine handling with which the animal is familiar. It is essential, however, that the physical method is only employed by those who are trained and fully confident that they can perform the technique which is appropriate to the size and species of animal. No person should be expected to kill an animal unless they are willing and feel confident to do so in the prescribed manner. When using methods which do not cause instantaneous death, the aim should be to induce unconsciousness as quickly as possible using a method which ensures that animals remain unconscious until they die. Death must be confirmed before animals are disposed of or left unattended. An animal may be regarded as continuing to live until the permanent cessation of the circulation or the destruction of its brain.