In Western countries, the rates of cancer and the rates of mortality from cancer have increased significantly over the years. Since 1981, for instance, the overall incidence of cancer has increased by 18%, and mortality by 7%. Earlier diagnosis and better treatment methods have not been able to prevent an increase in mortalities. Hence, an emphasis should be placed on preventing (the likelihood of) cancer from developing. Cancer rates vary by factors as high as 30 among countries, and fivefold within, and between industrialized countries because of parallel differences in environmental carcinogens and lifestyle habits. A good example of taking preventative action would be to stop smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. Tar from cigarettes can substantially increase the consumer's chances of developing lung cancer.