Eco-restructuring for sustainable development involves the identification of shifts in technology and the changes in economic activities and lifestyles needed to harmonize human activities with natural systems. It is the study of current patterns in industrialization and the search for new sustainable patterns within and between the different sectors of activity. Eco-restructuring considers the state of each sector, the primary issues of sustainability for each sector, and the technical means for adjusting activity towards sustainability. Eco-restructuring is applicable in the fields of materials, energy technologies, futures, land use, transport, industry, ecological process engineering and agro-engineering. It has further application in biophysics, global eco-restructuring and technological change.