The Bribe Payers' Index (BPI) ranks the 19 leading exporting countries according to the degree to which their companies are perceived to be paying bribes abroad to senior public officials. According to the survey published by Transparency International in 1999, the countries most likely to offer bribes_from most to least likely_were China, South Korea, Taiwan, Italy, Malaysia, Japan, France, Spain, Singapore, United States, Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Canada, Australia, and Sweden.