The father's influence on child development is far-reaching. When fathers are involved in a close and supportive relationship with their children, the results can be seen in improved cognitive development and performance at school. Support for the role of fathers in the family has improved in relation to laws, services and benefits. However, male fertility and parenthood have been virtually untouched by research. Little is known about children's actual living arrangements, family functioning or the dynamics of intra-family roles and relationships.