Voluntary unemployment

Voluntary unemployment has been described as a 'bourgeois problem', as it usually involves members of the educated classes who prefer to remain unemployed rather than accept work below the type they feel they can expect to obtain or at a wage lower than that paid to other workers with comparable levels of education.

1. If such people did accept less qualified and less well paid work, it would lower their probability of getting the desired employment later and would therefore lower their expected lifetime income.

1. Unemployment
2. Dependence on social welfare
3. Avoidance of work

1. Resignation to permanent joblessness

1. Educated unemployed

1. Limited opportunities for significant work
2. Limited availability of permanent employment in inner-cities
3. Inappropriate employment incentives
4. Inappropriate education
5. Idle youth lifestyle

1. Subsistence life style
2. Inappropriate projection of values onto other cultures

1. Voluntary
2. Unemployment
3. Underemployment
4. Involuntary