Terrapene carolina distribution includes Canada, USA and Mexico.
There are several subspecies of this terrapin, some of which are considered endangered. They include the Florida Box Turtle Terrapene carolina bauri, Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina carolina and Three Toed Box Turtle Terrapene carolina triunguis.
Terrapene carolina is considered as "Lower Risk" sub-category "near threatened" by the IUCN. CITES lists the species as "Appendix 2".