Extensive lowland deforestation has greatly reduced the habitat of Spizaetus bartelsi. It remains threatened by encroachment on slope forests, and illegal hunting and trade in wild birds. Dispersing immature birds which wander close to population centres are particularly vulnerable.
Spizaetus bartelsi is endemic to Java, Indonesia, where it is found in forest from the lowlands to 3,000 m, but favours the lower slopes between 200 and 1,200 m.
The total population of Spizaetus bartelesi was estimated in 1989 to be as low as 50--60 pairs. However it has since been recorded, in 1991 and 1994, at more localities and found to be still widespread in very small numbers in the larger and less degraded patches of forest and their surroundings.
Considered as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List. CITES lists the species as "Appendix 2".