Harpia harpyja is distributed throughout: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.
The Harpy Eagle is listed as a "Lower Risk" sub-category "near threatened" species by the IUCN. CITES lists the species as "Appendix 1".