Smuggling

Smuggling is the clandestine movement of commodities or persons across borders including: false identification of products, their contents, their country of origin or other information. Its objectives may be financial (to avoid duties or import or export restrictions); criminal; political; or humane. In other words, it's the unlawful introduction or removal into or from a country or place of any merchandise or person.

1. Smuggling is a serious global problem faced by many industries including alcohol, electronic goods, cars and tobacco. It is caused by high tax levels, different levels of tax on two sides of a border and the imposition of national trade barriers to legal imports.

1. Unethical practices in transportation
2. Irresponsible international trade
3. Evasion of customs and excise duties

1. Trafficking in illegal aliens
2. Toxic waste smuggling
3. Smuggling cigarettes
4. International trade in endangered species
5. Illict trafficking in motor vehicles
6. Illegal international arms shipments
7. Illegal exports of nuclear materials
8. Drug smuggling
9. Disregard for internationally imposed economic sanctions
10. Criminal offences against the environment

1. Smuggling
2. Preventing smuggling
3. Imposing economic sanctions