Paper and cardboard are being replaced for wrapping and packaging by plastic and other materials which are almost indestructible and which, when discarded, damage the environment, unless collected for disposal. It is also increasingly acceptable to supply certain goods in non-returnable containers and to use non-returnable plastic cups, plates and cutlery for food. Any saving to the consumer in the initial cost of the product is likely to be offset by the higher indirect charges for waste disposal and by the damage to the environment.
Packaging is specifically designed to become instant waste. Packaging makes up more than a third of all household waste in Western countries. 42% of paper products used in the UK are used for packaging, and are thrown away.