The aversion to imperfection causes excess consumption of materials and labour for replacement objects or structures, even where the utility of the originals remains unimpaired. Socially, the aversion to the disfigured or handicapped results in a tendency to ostracize them. The intolerance of imperfection extends to people who have been damaged in other ways, such as status, reputation, purity, etc, and a certain stigma may be attached to organizations and nations, because of a notable 'blemish', which may obstruct international working relationships, communications and concord.