Inadequate disaster prevention and mitigation

The severity of disasters caused by natural phenomena could be largely mitigated, and the actual occurrence of disasters caused by inappropriate human activities could be prevented, if adequate measures were taken before the event. However, little attention is given to long-term policies and plans: the identification of disaster-prone areas is incomplete; public information is scarce; early-warning systems are undeveloped; training of personnel is inadequate; and new legislation and environmental measures are either insufficient or non-existent. Often the effects of a disaster on a population are far greater than need be because of ignorance, neglect, poverty, and sometimes corruption and deceit.

Developing countries are especially vulnerable to disasters because they are generally not at all equipped to handle the resulting problems, nor do they have the resources to devote to prevention.

1. Although a disaster can provide the impetus not only to rebuild what was lost, but to build in such a way as to mitigate or prevent a re-occurrence, such lessons are seldom learned. As result, needless suffering continues.

1. Disasters like the near-meltdown of the nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania and the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger cannot be traced to discrete errors or blamed solely on "operator error," as has been the typical approach in the past. They are the natural result of the systems themselves. They are accidents that are inconceivable -- until they happen.

1. Inadequate infrastructure

1. Vulnerability of high technology systems
2. Inadequate early warning of disasters
3. Disaster unpreparedness

1. Uncertainty of development programmes due to short-term loans
2. Natural disasters
3. Inadequate disaster rescue and relief
4. Disasters

1. Unresponsive public authorities

1. Man-made disasters

1. Using military/civil defence assets in disaster relief
2. Undertaking pre-disaster planning
3. Reducing impact of natural disasters
4. Providing emergency humanitarian aid
5. Providing aid to natural disaster victims
6. Providing aid to man-made disaster victims
7. Developing early warning disaster systems
8. Coordinating disaster relief assistance

1. Mitigation
2. Inadequacy
3. Disaster