Illegal occupation of unoccupied property

Squatting, the appropriation of private or public land or property for one's own use without title or right, occurs in rural and urban areas, and in developed and developing countries. Squatting may take the form of open or furtive mass movements or of individual operations. It is the illicit consequence of the struggle for shelter, the trespass of desperation; sometimes it is denounced, sometimes disesteemed; often it is tolerated for want of a practical alternative. Uncontrolled, it harbours a formidable threat to the structure of private rights established through the centuries. The buildings are often substandard, they lack electricity, sanitation, water and access roads. They are dangerous to the inhabitants, embarrassing to governments and debilitating to society.

Squatting as a term entered the English language in the 14th century, a simplification from the Old French esquater.

Rural migration to the cities for jobs, where absence of jobs or housing facilities exists, causes massive squatting in Asia, particularly in India, and in Africa and Latin America. The 1981-1982 recession produced considerable numbers of squatters in the USA. Squatting in Europe is significant in cities, although small relative to the other continents. In the UK the number of homeless has doubled in the past decade; in 1991 there was an estimated 50,000 squatters nationally, rising to 60,000 in 1993.

1. It is a myth that squatters deprive others of their homes. The vast majority of squatting in developed countries takes place in public rather than private properties. Squatters usually live in buildings that no one else wants to live in, or which have been classified as uninhabitable. Although uncontested squatting on property can lead, in some countries, to passing of its ownership title to the squatter after a number of years, this does not remove the moral responsibility of governments, organizations and individuals to give shelter to those who lack it. Harsh evictions have resulted in exposure to the weather for the homeless with consequent disease or death.

2. The real crime in the UK is not the 60,000 squatters but rather the 600,000 properties standing empty.

1. Violation of property rights
2. Urban slums
3. Unethical practices by property tenants
4. Prevailing community insecurity
5. Impermanent living conditions
6. Criminal trespass

1. Unavailable public buildings
2. Forced evictions
3. Disagreements over property rights

1. Vagrancy
2. Uninvestigated housing alternatives
3. Substandard housing and accommodation
4. Scarcity of residential land
5. Reduced stock of low-income housing
6. Overcrowding of housing and accommodation
7. Irresponsible transient occupants
8. Increase in abandoned buildings
9. Inadequate housing among indigenous peoples
10. Inadequate housing
11. Housing shortage
12. Housing destruction by warfare
13. High cost of housing
14. Disruptive international mass migration
15. Abandoned private homes

1. Unethical consumption practices
2. Insecure lease tenure

1. Squatting

1. Misappropriation
2. Illegality