Geological hazards

Geophysical hazards
Telluric and tectonic disasters

Nature

Most geological processes, including the formation mineral bodies, are extremely slow, and even major tectonic movements are measured on the order of only centimetres per year. Few of these processes provide changes readily detectable in a decade. From time to time, however, they generate extreme natural events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. These, with landslides and snow avalanches, constitute geological hazards which emphasize the natural variability in environmental systems, remind human communities of the great power of natural forces, and test the abilities of people and nations to respond to them.

Incidence

The Mexico City earthquake of September 1985, killed approximately 5000 people, while the volcanic eruption that decimated Armero, Colombia (November 1985) claimed 25,000 lives.

Claim

Geological hazards pose a critical threat to humanity, endangering lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and tsunamis can strike without warning, causing devastating consequences. As urbanization increases and climate change exacerbates these risks, it is imperative that we prioritize research, preparedness, and resilient infrastructure. Ignoring geological hazards is not an option; proactive measures are essential to safeguard communities and ensure a sustainable future. We must act decisively to mitigate these looming dangers.

Counter-claim

Geological hazards are often overstated and sensationalized, diverting attention from more pressing global issues like poverty and climate change. While earthquakes and volcanoes can be destructive, they are natural phenomena that humanity has learned to adapt to over time. The focus should be on innovation and resilience rather than fear-mongering. By prioritizing geological hazards, we risk neglecting the urgent social and economic challenges that truly impact our lives and future.