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Foreign exchange monopoly
Exclusive national participation in credit exchanges
Broader
Monopolies
Aggravates
Limited availability of financial credit to countries
Inability of countries to adopt appropriate exchange rate policies
Foreign exchange reserve shortages
Aggravated by
Speculation on money markets
Currency black market
Strategy
Operating a monopoly
Value
Underparticipation
Participation
Nonparticipatory
Monopoly
Foreign
Exclusion
Discredit
Credit
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