Pressure to make journalists reveal their sources of information may take the form of arrest, trial and imprisonment or general intimidation. Recent examples of threats to journalistic immunity have occurred in USA court cases, with convictions against journalists for the publication of the Pentagon Papers. In countries where political censorship is heavy, journalists may be imprisoned and tortured for subversive activities. Information may concern crime, corruption or other injustices, or be akin to espionage; and the possibility that sources would be revealed would risk making it more difficult or even impossible to obtain this information. The public would therefore be deprived of knowledge about matters which might concern them directly or indirectly.
If democracy is an engine, a free press is the oil that makes it work. If journalists cannot protect their sources, those sources will dry up and with them the essential lubricant that makes the difference between an inert, formal structure and a mechanism that actually works. Legislation fails to recognize the importance of confidential journalistic sources to the health of the body politic.
Instead of upholding the citizens' right to know what government institutions are doing in their name, the courts are effectively terrorizing the journalists who make available that information into betraying the trust of those who have information on what government wishes to withhold from the public.
Disclosure of journalistic sources is necessary when it is in the interests of justice or national security or for the prevention of disorder or crime.