Although educational institutions may acknowledge their failure to offer problem solving or method-oriented curricula, they as yet have not developed a comprehensive, overall model for this type of education and few educators have the training necessary to provide a systematic methodological programme. With the exception of the scientific method, problem solving methods are lacking, whether motivational methods (except in business and military leadership seminars); study methods; reflective methods; or techniques of cooperation. The few instances where methods are taught they are generally in an isolated situation and there is no obvious relationship between one kind of method and another.