Employment patterns are undergoing radical shifts as old production and distribution methods are replaced by centralized and/or capital-saving techniques. Urban communities face the challenge of locating new industries and diversified sources of employment to provide a stable income and employment base, but new industries are not inclined to locate in urban areas where the infrastructure is inadequate and land use planning is uncertain. This is causing unemployment in urban neighbourhoods and communities that are not prepared to wait for the implementation of long-term plans to deal with the resulting suffering and dislocation.