Abuse of international cultural, diplomatic and commercial exchanges

Exchanges may be used as a means of propaganda and of espionage. Propaganda may use many different media, including visits by ambassadors and other key personalities; for exchange visits by ordinary members of the public, each nation may select young people or other categories susceptible to indoctrination. Programme schedules for such visits may only show the most favourable aspects of a country. 'Indigenous culture' may become distorted when used for propaganda purposes. International cultural and diplomatic exchange may encourage counterpropaganda in the same vein as a result of ideological rivalry. It may provide a foothold for espionage activities which, if discovered, may increase international conflict rather than dissipate it.

1. Unethical practices in communication
2. Obstacles to international exchange of cultural materials

1. Political boycott of international sports events
2. Biased cultural tours

1. Unethical personal relationships
2. Theft of tradition knowledge for commercial gain
3. Propaganda
4. Espionage
5. Counter-espionage
6. Abuse of traditional cultural expressions of peoples

1. Unpunctuality
2. Ideological conflict
3. Ecotourism
4. Applied double standards

1. Social environmental degradation from recreation and tourism
2. Proliferation of international trade fairs
3. Obstructions to international personnel exchanges and cultural cooperation
4. Natural environmental degradation from recreation and tourism
5. Art as propaganda
6. Abuse of traditional customs
7. Abuse of government power

1. Promoting cultural exchanges
2. Employing diplomacy

1. Abuse