Least action principle in conscious states (Physical sciences)

In natural physical and chemical processes where there are alternative ways to effect a particular change, then the way which normally occurs is that requiring the least action or expenditure of energy. This principle seems to apply in biology and psychology, particularly in the areas of perception and comprehension, and in education. However, the ordinary human state does not evidence a true least-action pattern, but oscillates between action deficiency and excess.

There are at least five universal principles postulated in the physical sciences: duality; quantum discreteness; relativity; conservation; and least action. Their application to states of consciousness has been presented by Professor Charles Tart and others.